LiveDNA empowers researchers, scholars, editors, reviewers, publishers, and institutions with a trusted digital identity and comprehensive professional profile.
Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid

Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid

LiveDNA ID: 20.31381
62 Publications
0 Editorial Roles
0 Projects

Education

Academic Background
  • Ph.D. Benha University, Egypt Animal Physiology | Completed: 2015

Publications (62)

Selected Scholarly Contributions
Dietary inclusion of 10% Azolla pinnata leaf meal optimises rabbit growth via gut mTOR downstream target p70S6k1 activation and Enterobacteriaceae suppression
Alzahraa M. Abdelatty, Mahmoud I. Ibrahim, Mohamed R. Mousa, Iman B. Shaheed, Mahmoud M. A. Moustafa, Omar A. A. Farid, Gehad E. Eisa, Massimo Bionaz, Sebastiano Busato, Sobhy M. A. Sallam, Ahmed A. Elolimy, Shereen A. Mohamed
Italian Journal of Animal Science | Journal Article
Crossref
2026
Effects of the residual feed intake ranking on growth performance, serum biomarkers, carcass traits and adipose tissues in V-Line female rabbit during the pre-mating period
Alzahraa M. Abdelatty, Ahmed A. Elolimy, Asmaa K. Al-Mokaddem, Iman B. Shaheed, Shereen A. Mohamed, Mahmoud M. Moustafa, Omar A. A. Farid, Hayam A. Mansour, Manal R. Bakeer, Gehad E. Eisa, Massimo Bionaz, Mahmoud I. Ibrahim
World Rabbit Science | Journal Article
Crossref
2026
Synergistic effects of cysteine and ascorbic acid on post-thaw rabbit semen quality and fertility during the hot summer season by modulating redox and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Fakhri E. El-Azzazi, Shady T. Hassan, Ashwaq Hassan Batawi, Omar A. Farid, Sherif M. Dessouki, Nasser Ghanem
Cryobiology | Journal Article
Crossref
2026
In Vivo and In Silico Dissection of Triclosan‐Induced Reproductive Toxicity: Protective Potentials of Nanoselenium and Phytotherapy
Marwan A. Ibrahim, Barga Aboukhezam, Fayzah A. Aboubakr, Einas M. Yousef, Hajir A. Al Saihati, Walaa S. Saif El Nasr, Azizeh Shadidizaji, Ayman Mohamed Algohary, Omar A. Ahmed Farid, Mohamad Warda
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology | Journal Article
Crossref
2026
Signal‐Level Determinants of Cognitive Decline With PPIs versus H 2 RAs: Transportome (CBLIF/TCN2) and CHRNA7 Nodes
Hajir A. Al Saihati, Bushra Y. Ahmed, Rehab M. Mosaad, Hoda A. S. El‐Garhy, Rofanda M. Bakeer, Einas M. Yousef, Inas M. Ahmed, Walaa S. Saif El Nasr, Azizeh Shadi‐Dizaji, Omar A. Ahmed‐Farid, Mohamad Warda
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research | Journal Article
Crossref
2026
A green chemistry-oriented quality by design approach for sensitive voltammetric determination of ketotifen fumarate using a nano-zirconium oxide-modified electrode
Mona H. Alhalafi, Omar A. Ahmed-Farid, Ayman M. Algohary, Hassan A.M. Hendawy, Aya T. Soudi
Journal of the Indian Chemical Society | Journal Article
Crossref
2026
Oral Supplements of Combined Lactobacillus plantarum and Asparagus officinalis Modulate Gut Microbiota and Alleviate High-Fat Diet–Induced Cognitive Deficits and Neurodegeneration in Rats
Nancy N. Shahin, Omar A. Ahmed‐Farid, Ebtehag A. E. Sakr, Enas A. Kamel, Maha M. Mohamed
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins | Journal Article
Crossref
2025
Lactobacillus-based probiotics restore gut microbial balance in weaned rabbits: Insights into dietary modulation and molecular docking analysis
Khalid Abd El Ghany, L.O. Mallasiy, Shimaa A. Haredy, Omar A. Ahmed-Farid, Barga Aboukhezam, Naglaa Elshafey
Food Bioscience | Journal Article
Crossref
2025
Copper Chlorophyllin as an Antioxidant and Photosensitizer: Mitigating Ifosfamide Toxicity and Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy
Lamia M. Elashry, Nashwah I. Zaki, Einas Yousef, Omar A. Ahmed‐Farid, Tarek A. El‐Tayeb
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology | Journal Article
Crossref
2025
Optimizing predictive biomarkers for alzheimer’s disease: muscarinic M1 antagonist-induced synaptic signaling disruptions and bee venom intervention through cholinergic modulation and multiregression dose selection
Hajir A. Al Saihati, Naema Ibolgasm Alazabi, Rofanda M. Bakeer, Ghada M. Abol-Fetouh, Omar A. Ahmed-Farid, Alhanouf F. Alshedi, Nimer F. Alsabeelah
Metabolic Brain Disease | Journal Article
Crossref
2025
Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Computational Studies of Novel 1,4‐Diketopiperazines as GABA Agonist
Mostafa Abd El‐Mohsen Anwar, Eman R. Mohammed, Samir M. El Moghazy, Nesma M. E. Abo El Nasr, Marawan A. Elbaset, Reda M. S. korany, Omar Ahmed‐Farid, Ibrahim M. Ibrahim, Walaa Hamada Abd‐Allah
Drug Development Research | Journal Article
Crossref
2025
GABA-enriched probiotic nanoformulation: A novel nutritional intervention against acrylamide neurotoxicity and inflammation
Manal A. Babaker, Khalid Abd El Ghany, Naglaa Elshafey, Ayman Mohamed Algohary, Ehab Elgohary, Ragaa A. Hamouda, Ghada M. Abol-Fetouh, Rania Hamed Elbawab, Omar A. Ahmed-Farid
Food Bioscience | Journal Article
Crossref
2025
Comprehensive impacts of black elderberry ( Sambucus nigra L. ) extract on mitigating acute heat stress, augmenting antioxidant defenses, and enhancing broiler chicken health and meat quality
Sawsan S. Elbasuni, Shimaa N. Edris, Hala El Daous, Mohamed A. Abaza, Omar A. Farid, Abdualziz Alsharif, Mohamed Mohamed Soliman, Ahmed Gaber, Khalid S. Alotaibi, Shatha B. Albattal, Mohamed Elbadawy, Marwa I. Abdel Haleem
Journal of Applied Animal Research | Journal Article
Crossref
2025
Cytokine signaling, immune reprogramming, and meat quality restoration in rabbits under confinement stress via Lactobacillus rhamnosus R1030 and lavender oil: In silico and in vivo insights
Khalid Abd El Ghany, Naglaa Elshafey, Habab M. Yassin, Inas M. Ahmed, Ghada M. Abol-Fetouh, Hoda A.S. El-Garhy, Omar A. Ahmed-Farid, Nawal Magdy Mohamed
Food Bioscience | Journal Article
Crossref
2025
Intermittent fasting alerts neurotransmitters and oxidant/antioxidant status in the brain of rats
Mona Abdel-Rahman, Aida A. Hussein, Omar A. Ahmed-Farid, Abdullah A. Sawi, Ahmed Esmat Abdel Moneim
Metabolic Brain Disease | Journal Article
Crossref
2024
Dietary hydrolyzed soya lecithin affects feed intake, abundance of bacteria in the caecum, fatty acid composition and area of adipocytes in pre‐mating primiparous V‐line female rabbit
M. I. Mandouh, I. B. Shaheed, M. Bionaz, A. A. Elolimy, H. A. Mansour, Shereen A. Mohamed, Mahmoud M. El‐Attrouny, O. A. A. Farid, M. R. Mousa, A. M. Abdelatty
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition | Journal Article
Crossref
2024
A combined administration of GABA agonist and L-histidine synergistically alleviates obesity-induced neuro-lipotoxicity and distorted metabolic transcriptome
Esam S. Al-Malki, Omar A. Ahmed-Farid, Mahmoud M.A. Moustafa, Shimaa A. Haredy, Omnia A. Badr, Nesreen Nabil Omar, Robert J. Linhardt, Mohamad Warda
Scientific African | Journal Article
Crossref
2024
Tolerability of Artemisia absinthium in anorexia: Targeting of neuronal appetite and satiety in zinc deficiency diet rat model
Kadry Abd-El kader Moktar El-bakry, Mohammad Hamid Bahnasawy, Lamiaa Elsayed Deef, Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid, Samia Salem Basheer El-Naeli
Scientific African | Journal Article
Crossref
2024
Anti-aging effect of mustard and flax seed oils based nanoemulsion gel on aged rat skin through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity
Soha Ismail, Omar A. Ahmed-Farid, Ghada Farouk Metwally, Dina Mansour, Abeer Khattab
Scientific African | Journal Article
Crossref
2024
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saussurea costus as Therapeutic Agents against a Diabetic Rat Model—Approaches to Investigate Pharmacophore Modeling of Human IkB Kinase and Molecular Interaction with Dehydrocostus Lactone of Saussurea costus
Metab A. AlGeffari, Dina Mansour, Omar Ahmed-Farid, Einas Mohamed Yousef, Shereen A. Mohamed, Mahmoud M. A. Moustafa, Hassan Barakat, Khalid Abd El Ghany
Metabolites | Journal Article
Crossref
2023
Hordeum vulgare ethanolic extract mitigates high salt-induced cerebellum damage via attenuation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurochemical alterations in hypertensive rats
O. A. Ahmed-Farid, Areeg M. Abdelrazek, Hend Elwakel, Maha M. Mohamed
Metabolic Brain Disease | Journal Article
Crossref
2023
Dietary Supplementation of Silybum marianum Seeds Improved Growth Performance and Upregulated Associated Gene Expression of Muscovy Ducklings (Cairina moschata)
Osama El-Garhy, Fathia A. Soudy, Yousef M. Alharbi, Fahad A. Alshanbari, Mona S. Almujaydil, Raghad M. Alhomaid, Omar A. Ahmed-Farid, Shereen A. Mohamed, Hoda A. S. El-Garhy, Hassan Barakat, Ayman G. EL Nagar
Antioxidants | Journal Article
Crossref
2022
Chemical Profile of Cyperus laevigatus and Its Protective Effects against Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Rats
Iriny M. Ayoub, Marawan A. El-Baset, Mai M. Elghonemy, Samir A. E. Bashandy, Fatma A. A. Ibrahim, Omar A. H. Ahmed-Farid, Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy, Sherif M. Afifi, Tuba Esatbeyoglu, Abdel Razik H. Farrag, Mohamed A. Farag, Abdelsamed I. Elshamy
Molecules | Journal Article
Crossref
2022
Impact of Dietary Betaine and Metabolizable Energy Levels on Profiles of Proteins and Lipids, Bioenergetics, Peroxidation and Quality of Meat in Japanese Quail
Sabry M. El-Bahr, Saad Shousha, Wasseem Khattab, Ahmed Shehab, Osama El-Garhy, Hoda El-Garhy, Shereen Mohamed, Omar Ahmed-Farid, Ahmed Hamad, Islam Sabike
Animals | Journal Article
Crossref
2021
Enrichment of Broiler Chickens’ Meat with Dietary Linseed Oil and Lysine Mixtures: Influence on Nutritional Value, Carcass Characteristics and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
Sabry M. El-Bahr, Saad Shousha, Mohamed A. Alfattah, Saad Al-Sultan, Wasseem Khattab, Islam I. Sabeq, Omar Ahmed-Farid, Osama El-Garhy, Khalid A. Albusadah, Sameer Alhojaily, Ahmed Shehab
Foods | Journal Article
Crossref
2021
The potential toxic effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and valproate on liver tissue
Gehad Mekky, Michael Seeds, Abd E.‐A. A. Diab, Ahmed M. Shehata, Omar A.‐H. Ahmed‐Farid, Dalia Alzebdeh, Colin Bishop, Anthony Atala
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology | Journal Article
Crossref
2021
Melatonin Alleviated Potassium Dichromate‐Induced Oxidative Stress and Reprotoxicity in Male Rats
Samir A. E. Bashandy, Hossam Ebaid, Jameel Al-Tamimi, Omar A.-H. Ahmed-Farid, Enayat A. Omara, Ibrahim M. Alhazza
BioMed Research International | Journal Article
Crossref
2021
Dietary Curcumin Improves Energy Metabolism, Brain Monoamines, Carcass Traits, Muscle Oxidative Stability and Fatty Acid Profile in Heat-Stressed Broiler Chickens
Ayman S. Salah, Omar A. Ahmed-Farid, Mohamed Abdo Nassan, Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany
Antioxidants | Journal Article
Crossref
2021
Effects of Chronic Thermal Stress on Performance, Energy Metabolism, Antioxidant Activity, Brain Serotonin, and Blood Biochemical Indices of Broiler Chickens
Omar Ahmed-Farid, Ayman S. Salah, Mohamed Abdo Nassan, Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany
Animals | Journal Article
Crossref
2021
Oxidative Stability, Carcass Traits, and Muscle Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Profiles in Heat-Stressed Broiler Chickens
Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany, Omar A. Ahmed-Farid, Mohamed Abdo Nassan, Ayman S. Salah
Antioxidants | Journal Article
Crossref
2021
Performance, Carcass Yield, Muscle Amino Acid Profile, and Levels of Brain Neurotransmitters in Aged Laying Hens Fed Diets Supplemented with Guanidinoacetic Acid
Omar A. Ahmed-Farid, Ayman S. Salah, Mohamed Abdo Nassan, Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany
Animals | Journal Article
Crossref
2021
Combined approaches for evaluation of xenoestrogen neural toxicity and thyroid dysfunction: Screening of oxido‐nitrosative markers, DNA fragmentation, and biogenic amine degradation
Mohamed Taha, Abeer M. Marie, Omar A. Ahmed‐Farid
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology | Journal Article
Crossref
2020
Nano selenium treatment effects on thyroid hormones, immunity and antioxidant status in rabbits
Sherif Yousif Eid, Hussein Mustafa El-Zaher, Sana Sayed Emara, Omar Abdel-Hamed Farid, Michael Ibrahim Michael
World Rabbit Science | Journal Article
Crossref
2019
Physiological and behavioral study on depressed rats model treated with Hordeum vulgare extract referenced to SSRI class
Kadry A. Elbakry A. Elbakry Elbakry, Naema Ibolgasm Alazabi, Nahed M. Omer, Mohamed H. Bahnasawy, Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
Biomedical Research and Therapy | Journal Article
Crossref
2019
Carcass yields, muscle amino acid and fatty acid profiles and antioxidant indices of broilers supplemented with synbiotic and/or organic acids.
Salah, A.S., O.A. Ahmed-Farid and M.S. El-Tarabany,
J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2019
Effect of royal jelly on milk composition and blood biochemical parameters in lactating ewes.
El-Tarabany, M.S., A.A. El-Tarabany, M.A. Atta, O.A. Ahmed-Farid and M.M. Mostafa,
J. Agric. Sci., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2019
Impact of space allowance on performance traits, brain neurotransmitters and blood antioxidant activity of New Zealand White rabbits.
El-Tarabany, M.S., O.A. Ahmed-Farid and A.A. El-Tarabany,
Preventive Vet. Med., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2019
The potent therapeutic effect of novel cyanobacterial isolates against oxidative stress damage in redox rats.
Badr, O.A.M., I.I.S. El‐Shawaf, H.A.S. El‐Garhy, M.M.A. Moustafa and O.A. Ahmed‐Farid,
J. Applied Microbiol., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2019
Antioxidant activity and phycoremediation ability of four cyanobacterial isolates obtained from a stressed aquatic system.
Badr, O.A.M., I.I.S. El-Shawaf, H.A.S. El-Garhy, M.M.A. Moustafa and O.A. Ahmed-Farid,
Mol. Phylogen. Evol., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2019
Green and sustainable encapsulation of Guava leaf extracts (Psidium guajava L.) into alginate/starch microcapsules for multifunctional finish over cotton gauze.
Rehan, M.F., O. Farid, S. Ibrahim, A.A. Hassan, A. Abdelrazek, N. Khafaga and T.A. Khattab,
ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2019
Dose-dependent neuroprotective effect of oriental phyto-derived glycyrrhizin on experimental neuroterminal norepinephrine depletion in a rat brain model.
Ahmed-Farid, O.A., S.A. Haredy, R.M. Niazy, R.J. Linhardt and M. Warda,
Chem. Biol. Interact., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2019
Effects of dietary curcumin and acetylsalicylic acid supplements on performance, muscle amino acid and fatty acid profiles, antioxidant biomarkers and blood chemistry of heat-stressed broiler chickens.
Salah, A.S., M.A. Mahmoud, O.A. Ahmed-Farid and M.S. El-Tarabany,
J. Thermal Biol., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2019
Hydrogen peroxide modulates redox status, energy metabolism, and gene expression in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner in rat liver
Omar A. Ahmed‐Farid, Hanan A. Rizk, Ahmed M. Shehata
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology | Journal Article
Crossref
2018
Quercetin and Apigenin of Cymbopogon citratus mediate inhibition of HCT-116 and PC-3 cell cycle progression and ameliorate Doxorubicin-induced testicular dysfunction in male rats
Nermien Z. Ahmed, Shaimaa R. Ibrahim, Omar A. Ahmed- Farid
Biomedical Research and Therapy | Journal Article
Crossref
2018
Effects of aqueous extract of polyherbal formulation against hyperthyroidism induced by L-thyroxin in a rat model
Sahar B. Ahmed, Asmaa M. Moghazy, Omar A. Ahmed-Farid, Hassan A. Esebery
Biomedical Research and Therapy | Journal Article
Crossref
2018
Synergistic renoprotective effect of a compiled branched-chain amino acids and Cymbopogon schoenanthus extract against experimentally induced oxido-nitrosative renal insult.
Ahmed-Farid, O.A.H., B.A.A. El-Motelp, E.A.M. Essa and M. Warda,
Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2018
Amisulpride-CD-loaded liposomes: Optimization and in vivo evaluation.
Shukr, M.H. and O.A. Ahmed-Farid,
AAPS PharmSciTech, | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2018
Lidocaine/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex as drug delivery system.
Abou-Okeil, A., M. Rehan, S.M. El-Sawy, M.K. El-Bisi, O.A. Ahmed-Farid and F.A. Abdel-Mohdy,
Eur. Polym. J., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2018
Hyaluronic acid/Na-alginate films as topical bioactive wound dressings.
Abou-Okeil, A., H.M. Fahmy, M.K. El-Bisi and O.A. Ahmed-Farid,
Eur. Polym. J., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2018
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate sodium nitrite-induced hypoxic brain injury in a rat model.
Ali, E.H.A., O.A. Ahmed-Farid and A.A.E. Osman,
Neural Regen. Res., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2017
Protective effects of Balanites aegyptiaca extract, melatonin and ursodeoxycholic acid against hepatotoxicity induced by methotrexate in male rats.
Montasser, A.O.S., H. Saleh, O.A. Ahmed-Farid, A. Saad and M.A.S. Marie,
Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2017
Combination of Ficus carica leaves extract and ubiquinone in a chronic model of lithium induce reproductive toxicity in rats: Hindrance of oxidative stress and apoptotic marker of sperm cell degradation.
Haredy, S.A., T.S. Imam and O.A. Ahmed-Farid,
J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2017
Neuroprotective effects of herbal cocktail on cerebrovascular dysfunction in rats with induced hyperhomocysteinaemia.
Algohary, A.M., O.A.H. Ahmad-Farid, A.M. Abd-Elrazek and R.S. Al-Baradie,
Biomed. Res. Ther., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2016
Stability effect and biological evaluation of whey protein as antioxidant enhancer on rats.
Hassan, M.A. and O.A.H. Ahmed-Farid,
IOSR J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2016
Combination of resveratrol and fluoxetine in an acute model of depression in mice: Prevention of oxidative DNA fragmentation and monoamines degradation.
Ahmed-Farid, O.A.H., R.F. Ahmed and D.O. Saleh,
J. Applied Pharm. Sci., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2016
Developing a herbal cocktail for prevention of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases.
Algohary, A.M., R. Al Baradie, O.A. Ahmed-Farid, A.M. Abd-Elrazek and A.M. Al Sulaiman,
J. Biomed. Pharm. Res., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2016
A neuroprotective role of ferulic acid against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in rats.
Ahmed, M.M., O.A.A. Farid and A.M. Shehata,
J. Global Biosci., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2016
Dromedary milk exosomes as mammary transcriptome nano-vehicle: Their isolation, vesicular and phospholipidomic characterizations.
Yassin, A.M., M.I.A. Hamid, O.A. Farid, H. Amer and M. Warda,
J. Adv. Res., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2016
Combined hepatoprotective and antidepressant effects of resveratrol in an acute model of depression.
Ahmed, R.F., R.F. Abdel-Rahmana, O.A. Ahmed-Farid, S.A. El-Marasya and A.F. Hessin,
Bull. Fac. Pharm. Cairo Univ., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2014
Antidepressant-like effect of resveratrol in a subchronic model of depression.
Ahmed, R.F., R.F. Abdel-Rahman, H. Abdallah, D.O. Saleh, O.A.H.A. Farid and A.F. Hessin,
J. Arab Soc. Med. Res., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2014
Pharmacological study of the possible antidepressant activity of whey protein isolate in mice.
Ahmed, R.F., E.E.S. Eldenshary, S.A. Nada, G.F. Asaad, N.M.S. Arafa and O.A. Ahmed-Farid,
Aust. J. Basic Applied Sci., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2011
Influence of Echinacea extract pre-or postnatal supplementation on immune and oxidative status of growing rabbits.
Arafa, N.M.S., S.M. Salem and O.A. Ahmed-Farid,
Ital. J. Anim. Sci., | Journal Article
Self Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed-Farid
2010